Disintegration of East block caused economic sanctions as a means to impose the demands of Western countries, especially the United States against the opposing countries, with intensity and used more widely. Along with victory if the Islamic Revolution in Iran and exit of Iran from the circle of America's allies in West Asia, the United States government with the influx of primary and secondary sanctions spidery and intertwined, especially from 2010 to 2014 in the form of legislative acts and executive orders of president with the executive arm of the Ministry Treasury and under the "Office of Foreign Assets Control", with its all-out economic war, made the economy under pressure and forced to surrender to the demands of its own. This thesis Reviews the role of Congress and the America's Treasury, separately and comparatively, the economic sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran (years 2014-2010). Data collection is Exploratory and descriptive study, with exploration in texts of library, websites and translation of documents from sites of the US Department of State, Treasury and Congress etc. In the fourth chapter of this thesis, titles, causes, types and effects of economic sanctions on Iran financial components, oil, shipping and insurance, petrochemical, aviation, automotive, commodities, gold and precious metals are described. And in the fifth, pay to the weight of Congress and the Treasury sanctions, for the central question of thesis, the role of Congress and the Treasury Department in economic sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran.