The Islamic Revolution Approach

The Islamic Revolution Approach

Basics and indicators of ethics and political education of Imam Khomeini (RA) to attract people in the realization of the Islamic Revolution

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 PhD student, Department of Political Science, Faculty of Law, Theology, Political Science, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Regional Studies, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Professor of the Department of Political Science/Political Thought and Iranian Issues, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Political Science Department, Science and Research Unit, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
1. Introduction
In this article, an attempt is made to answer this question, what were the foundations and components of Imam Khomeini's ethics and political upbringing in order to attract people to the realization of the Islamic Revolution? The main hypothesis of the article in response to this question is that in the thought of Imam Khomeini (RA) with an emphasis on the foundations of philosophical existentialism and the definition of man as a being towards excellence who must follow the path with political education and also reflect the characteristics of Such as humility, faith, hope, justice, tolerance, acceptability of criticism, simplicity, self-improvement, obligation orientation and honesty objectively, the foundations and indicators of ethics and political education in order to attract the maximum number of people in the realization and victory of the Islamic Revolution. is
2. Research background
Rafi and Halal-Khor (2013) in their article entitled "Interaction of ethics and politics in the thought of Imam Khomeini (PBUH)" believe that in examining the interaction of ethics and politics in the thought of Imam Khomeini, since the imam is more concerned with ethics The practicality and effect of ethics emphasizes the lives of people, therefore, their view of ethics is from an individual perspective, because ethics deals with the inner state of the human being, and the reform of society depends on the correct ethics of its leaders, political elites, and citizens.
Selahshuri et al. (2013) in an article entitled "Basics and components of political education from Imam Khomeini's point of view" discussed the dimensions of political education from the Imam's point of view, and the findings of the mentioned research show that Imam Khomeini (RA) considered the subject of politics as education. and considers political education as turning freely and consciously towards divine values; Based on this, from Imam Khomeini's point of view, he considers the main principles of political education to be monotheism, nature-oriented, cultivation-oriented, and ethics-oriented. And the components of political education from his point of view are awareness, self-knowledge, freedom, and justice.
Farsian and Pourmanochehri (2018) in their article entitled "Importance and Necessity of Political Education in Imam Khomeini's Ijtihad School" believe that the stability of popular governments depends on a process called political education. Political education, which provides the basis for the transmission of governance values ​​from one generation to another, is considered the most important process before any government of the basic people. For this reason, Shia political jurisprudence, which considers itself to be the claimant of a popular government based on the theory of velayat al-faqih, will not be exempted from this general rule. For this reason, it is necessary to continue and preserve the Islamic revolution, it depends on the fruits of political education; In the end, the authors have come to the conclusion that Shia political jurisprudence, with a new development in Imam Khomeini's school of ijtihad, accepts political education as a mutual right for the nation and the government, and considers the realization of civil society as an evolutionary pillar of political education.
Jamshidi Mehr and Abdipour (1402) in their article entitled "Political education in the field of education from the perspective of the Imams of the Islamic Revolution" defined the term political education as a speech-hermeneutic act in the thought of Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Khamenei in the field of education. have checked And they have come to the conclusion that Imam Khomeini's speech act in the concept of political education was adopted according to the current conditions and Islamic religious foundations, and the words associated with it are struggle, science with spirituality, monotheism, believer and religious, being revolutionary, and independence were presented.
Ahmadi Sefidan (2017) in his article entitled "Relationships between politics and ethics in the political thought of Imam Khomeini (RA) with an emphasis on the book Commentary on 40 Hadiths" and using the text-based hermeneutic method, reached this conclusion. According to Imam Khomeini's point of view: "Political science is one of the beneficial sciences and the guardians of its pure prophets and imams and, accordingly, the guardian of jurisprudence, in fact, it is the leader of the society on the straight path. Based on the intoxicated and veiled nature, four faculties of wisdom, anger, lust, and illusion can be identified in humans. Politics and human powers are intricately intertwined. In political affairs, it is difficult to take a straight path without paying attention to moral virtues and vices. Forming an Islamic government and paying attention to politics increases moral virtues and decreases moral vices. On the other hand, the spread of moral virtues leads to the rule of virtuous and worthy politicians and managers. Ethical excellence is responsible for the excellence of politics and the excellence of politics is responsible for the excellence of ethics.
Ehsani (2013) in the book "Political Education: Dos and Don'ts in the Light of Imam Khomeini's Thoughts" collected one hundred and thirty questions about various aspects of political education and answered these questions by using Imam Khomeini's views and practices. has presented
Aman Nazar in the works compiled in this field shows that despite the many researches that have been written about ethics and politics and the concept of political education from the perspective of Imam Khomeini (RA), but this issue from the perspective of philosophical foundations as well as the issue of Attracting people has been given less attention. For this purpose, the present article tries to solve this problem, to present a more detailed picture and look at the thought of Imam Khomeini (RA).
3. Research methodology:
 This article has been compiled with a descriptive-analytical method and its data has been collected in a library form. 
            4. Conclusion
Imam Khomeini, as a religious politician, attaches special importance to ethics and education. In Imam Khomeini's thought, based on a special definition of ontological and anthropological topics, he considers the connection of ethics and politics necessary for the purpose of leading and educating the society. According to him, the only acceptable policy for managing the society is the divine policy, which is the Prophets and Saints, and after that, especially the awakened scholars of Islam, and such a policy is based on moral rules. Imam Khomeini believed that despite the fact that qualities such as faith, justice, honesty, tolerance, simplicity and honesty are necessary for all citizens of the Islamic society, these qualities are obligatory for the ruler of the society and all the agents of the government. Because the observance or non-observance of these characteristics has an educational effect on the society, and the continuation of the government is basically dependent on the objective observance and application of the aforementioned characteristics. Imam Khomeini's political, campaigning, and life history confirmed the observance of these characteristics; And this made him different from other leaders of other countries and drew a charismatic role for him among the Muslim community and nation, especially Iran. Therefore, in a summary, it can be said that Imam Khomeini (RA) was raised as a perfect human being and in the position of an educated authority in the lap of Islamic teachings, and his virtues and dignity had reached such a level that it made him a divine man. On the other hand, his social, personal and political character and behavior were such that he presented new concepts in the dictionary of political science in the form of duty orientation, justice, self-refining, avoiding hypocrisy, decisiveness, populism and simple living. Also, the investigations showed that traits such as foresight, courage, and most importantly political tolerance, attention to the disadvantaged and communication with religious scholars and intellectuals, creativity and innovation in the formation of government and divine and popular leadership led to a unique model to attract people. To be formed according to his leadership model during the struggles against the Pahlavi regime and also during the years of his grace.
Keywords

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